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Purpose@#This systematic review investigated the effects of non-pharmacological interventions to improve the sleep of the Korean elderly at home and in facilities. @*Methods@#A literature search was performed using electronic databases (RISS, KISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, DBpia) from 2010 to 2021. Participants’ characteristics, intervention characteristics, and measured sleep outcomes were systematically reviewed. A qualitative appraisal of studies was performed using the RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools. @*Results@#Of 954 publications identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria. Two studies were randomized controlled trials and 21 studies were quasi-experimental designs with a non-equivalent control group. The contents of 23 intervention studies that aimed to improve sleep included massage, auricular acupressure therapy, laughter therapy, heat therapy, exercise, and aromatherapy. The Korean Sleep Scale A was the most frequently used sleep instrument, in 18 studies. Most interventions were effective in improving sleep, but some inconsistent results were reported. @*Conclusion@#Non-pharmacological interventions for the improvement of sleep in the elderly are useful as therapeutic interventions as part of nursing care, because they are simple and easy to apply. However, to draw clear conclusions about the effect of interventions, it will be necessary to gather results from intervention studies using rigorous methodologies in the future.
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Purpose@#The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities has rapidly increased in Korea. Sleep may play a role in determining its prevalence. However, the relationships between MetS and the duration and quality of sleep are not yet clear. This study aimed to examine the associations between the duration and quality of sleep and the prevalence of MetS. @*Methods@#Study participants included 348 Korean blue-collar workers employed by six small-sized companies in Korea. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effects of the factors related to MetS. @*Results@#The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent factors that contributed to the prevalence of MetS were being male (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=4.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.58~15.0) and lower sleep quality (aOR=5.12, 95% CI=1.90~14.30). Sleep duration was related to the prevalence of some MetS components, but it was not associated with MetS prevalence. @*Conclusion@#Sleep quality was negatively associated with MetS prevalence when covariates, such as sleep duration, were controlled. When developing a MetS riskreduction program, focus should be given to sleep quality as well as sleep duration in an intervention for Korean blue-collar workers.
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Purpose@#Scoliosis is a common musculoskeletal problem in adolescents. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and its associated factors among Korean adolescents. The prevalence of thin individuals among students with AIS was compared based on body mass index (BMI) classifications. @*Methods@#This study was a secondary data analysis and used the 2016 Korean National Health Examination for School Students data. Data from 16,412 students were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis. @*Results@#The prevalence of AIS was higher in women (3.8%) than in men (1.6%), and a higher school year was a risk factor for AIS in both sexes. In woman adolescents, scoliosis was associated with thinness; however, the risk of AIS was inversely associated with overweight/obesity in both sexes. The prevalence of thin woman students with scoliosis differed based on the criteria used: 3.3% by the World Health Organization criteria and 14.3% by the International Obesity Task Force criteria. @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of thin students with scoliosis could increase by up to four times depending on the BMI criteria. For early screening of thin people at risk of AIS among female students, the criterion of International Obesity Task Force should be used as it is more permissive of thinness. This is also because of the underestimation of AIS prevalence when using the BMI Z score of the World Health Organization cutoff.
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Purpose@#Scoliosis is a common musculoskeletal problem in adolescents. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and its associated factors among Korean adolescents. The prevalence of thin individuals among students with AIS was compared based on body mass index (BMI) classifications. @*Methods@#This study was a secondary data analysis and used the 2016 Korean National Health Examination for School Students data. Data from 16,412 students were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis. @*Results@#The prevalence of AIS was higher in women (3.8%) than in men (1.6%), and a higher school year was a risk factor for AIS in both sexes. In woman adolescents, scoliosis was associated with thinness; however, the risk of AIS was inversely associated with overweight/obesity in both sexes. The prevalence of thin woman students with scoliosis differed based on the criteria used: 3.3% by the World Health Organization criteria and 14.3% by the International Obesity Task Force criteria. @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of thin students with scoliosis could increase by up to four times depending on the BMI criteria. For early screening of thin people at risk of AIS among female students, the criterion of International Obesity Task Force should be used as it is more permissive of thinness. This is also because of the underestimation of AIS prevalence when using the BMI Z score of the World Health Organization cutoff.
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PURPOSE@#This study aimed to comprehend the real context of metabolic syndrome-related factors of Korean male blue-collar workers from small-sized companies based on the health belief model.@*METHODS@#A total of 37 workers from three companies were interviewed, and three series of focus group interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using deductive content analysis.@*RESULTS@#Data were classified into four categories: knowledge, perceived susceptibility and severity, perceived barriers, and beliefs. Knowledge referred to low knowledge level; perceived susceptibility and severity referred to unawareness of susceptibility and severity; perceived barriers referred to shift work, overtime work, and a social context including having no choice but to drink; and beliefs referred to believing that health promotion behaviors do not relate to preventing metabolic syndrome, believing that one cannot prevent metabolic syndrome oneself, and believing that professional help is required.@*CONCLUSION@#To prevent and reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome among Korean male blue-collar workers, interventions should focus on strategies to increase metabolic syndrome-related knowledge and perceptions, social support, and self-efficacy for practicing health behaviors. In addition, it is necessary to develop policies for establishing a healthy drinking culture in companies.
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PURPOSE: To develop and validate the short form of the Korean adaptation of the Cultural Competence Scale for Nurses. METHODS: To shorten the 33-item Cultural Competence Scale for Nurses, an expert panel (N = 6) evaluated its content validity. The revised items were pilot tested using a sample of nine nurses, and clarity was assessed through cognitive interviews with respondents. The original instrument was shortened and validated through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, and reliability using data from 277 hospital nurses. The 14-item final version was cross-validated through confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, discriminant validity, known-group comparisons, and reliability using data from 365 nurses belonging to 19 hospitals. RESULTS: A 4-factor, 14-item model demonstrated satisfactory fit with significant factor loadings. The convergent validity between the developed tool and transcultural self-efficacy was significant (r = .55, p < .001). The convergent validity evaluated using the Average Variance Extracted and discriminant validity were acceptable. Known-group comparisons revealed significant differences in the mean scores of the groups who spent more than one month abroad (p = .002) were able to communicate in a foreign language (p < .001) and had education to care for foreign patients (p = .039). Cronbach's a was .89, and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .74 to .91. CONCLUSIONS: The Cultural Competence Scale for Nurses-Short Form demonstrated good reliability and validity. It is a short and appropriate instrument for use in clinical and research settings to assess nurses' cultural competence.
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Humans , Cultural Competency , Education , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aimed to comprehend the real context of metabolic syndrome-related factors of Korean male blue-collar workers from small-sized companies based on the health belief model. METHODS: A total of 37 workers from three companies were interviewed, and three series of focus group interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using deductive content analysis. RESULTS: Data were classified into four categories: knowledge, perceived susceptibility and severity, perceived barriers, and beliefs. Knowledge referred to low knowledge level; perceived susceptibility and severity referred to unawareness of susceptibility and severity; perceived barriers referred to shift work, overtime work, and a social context including having no choice but to drink; and beliefs referred to believing that health promotion behaviors do not relate to preventing metabolic syndrome, believing that one cannot prevent metabolic syndrome oneself, and believing that professional help is required. CONCLUSION: To prevent and reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome among Korean male blue-collar workers, interventions should focus on strategies to increase metabolic syndrome-related knowledge and perceptions, social support, and self-efficacy for practicing health behaviors. In addition, it is necessary to develop policies for establishing a healthy drinking culture in companies.
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Humans , Male , Drinking , Focus Groups , Health Behavior , Health Promotion , Needs Assessment , Qualitative Research , Risk Reduction Behavior , Social PerceptionABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study intended to grasp real context of Cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related factors of Korean blue-collar workers, especially CVD-related knowledge, perception, beliefs, benefits and barriers of behaviors according to the health belief model. METHODS: We interviewed twenty two workers working in two small-sized companies and performed two series of focus group interviews. Data were analyzed by deductive content analysis approach based on Elo & Kyngäs. RESULTS: Excepting participants who have CVD risk factors, most participants had lower level of CVD risk perception. The level of CVD knowledge was low but there was difference by gender. CVD-related beliefs were ‘fatal disease’, ‘caused by lifestyle’ and ‘difficult to prevent by themselves’. The risk reduction behaviors were motivated by current or family history of hypertension. But there were barriers to interfere practice of preventive behaviors such as poor quality of food provided by cafeteria in the workplace, frequent overtime, victim mentality as one of vulnerable social group, housework and financial burden, lack of facilities for rest and physical activity in the workplace. CONCLUSION: To develop intervention for reducing CVD risks in Korean blue-collar workers, we need to focus on improving CVD knowledge and perception and modifying work-related environments such as low quality of food and lack of facilities for rest and physical activity in the workplace.
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Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases , Focus Groups , Hand Strength , Household Work , Hypertension , Motor Activity , Needs Assessment , Risk Factors , Risk Reduction BehaviorABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to review the research trends and to identify developmental direction of studies on community interventions according to the ecological model for workers with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors. METHODS: Electronic databases including PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library and the reference lists of articles were searched. All articles were assessed in relation to inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 29 researches being reviewed. Each review was critically appraised by two authors using a guideline of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses). RESULTS: Nowadays, interventions in organizational level, integrated and web-based interventions are increasing to prevent CVD risk factors for workers. Even though the importance of psychosocial aspects to prevent CVD, the only 2 studies included psychosocial factors in the outcome variables. Also, 14% among 29 researches were based on theories. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial factors such as job stress, depression, and emotional labor could be CVD risk factors. Therefore, interventions including psychosocial aspects are needed to prevent workers' CVD risks more effectively. Theory-based interventions are needed to support interventions' effects and to develop the nursing science.
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Cardiovascular Diseases , Depression , Nursing , Psychology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate Korean blue-collar workers' Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and influencing factors in Korean blue-collar workers. METHODS: Participants in this study were 109 Korean blue-collar workers. The survey included health-related, work-related, and psycho-social factors. SF-36 was used to measure HRQoL. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: In the hierarchical linear regression model, when subjects' psycho-social variables were included in the regression model, R2 change was statistically significant. The significant predictors for HRQoL were education level (beta=.26, p=.023), depression (beta=-.38, p<.001), and self-efficacy (beta=.23, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that health care providers must have priority to consider psycho-social variables, especially depression and self-efficacy to improve HRQoL in Korean blue-collar workers.
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Humans , Depression , Education , Health Personnel , Linear Models , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine validity and reliability of Webel and colleagues' HIV Self-Management Scale when used with a Korean sample. METHODS: The original 20-item HIV Self-Management Scale was translated into Korean using translation and back-translation. Nine HIV nurse experts tested content validity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of data from 203 patients was used to test construct validity. Concurrent validity was evaluated using correlation with patients' self-rating as a "smart patient" measured using a visual analogue scale. Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficients. RESULTS: All items were rated as having satisfactory content validity. Based on PCA and consideration of conceptual meaning, a three-factor solution was selected, explaining 48.76% of the variance. CFA demonstrated the adequacy of the three-domain structure of the construct HIV self-management: daily self-management health practices, social support and HIV self-management, and chronic nature of HIV self-management. Goodness-of-fit indices showed an acceptable fit overall with the full model (chi2/ df(164)=1.66, RMSEA=0.06, SRMR=0.05, TLI=0.91, and CFI=0.92). The Korean version of the HIV Self-Management Scale (KHSMS) was significantly correlated with patients' self-rated smart patient (r=.41). The subscale Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from .78 to .81; alpha for the total scale was .89. CONCLUSION: The KHSMS provides a valid and reliable measure of self-management in Korean patients with HIV. Continued psychometric testing is recommended to provide further evidence of validity with this population.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , HIV Infections/psychology , Principal Component Analysis , Program Evaluation , Psychometrics , Republic of Korea , Self Care , Surveys and Questionnaires , TranslatingABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate individual and organizational level of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors associated with CVD risk in Korean blue-collar workers working in small sized companies. METHODS: Self-report questionnaires and blood sampling for lipid and glucose were collected from 492 workers in 31 small sized companies in Korea. Multilevel modeling was conducted to estimate effects of related factors at the individual and organizational level. RESULTS: Multilevel regression analysis showed that workers in the workplace having a cafeteria had 1.81 times higher CVD risk after adjusting for factors at the individual level (p =.022). The explanatory power of variables related to organizational level variances in CVD risk was 17.1%. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that differences in the CVD risk were related to organizational factors. It is necessary to consider not only individual factors but also organizational factors when planning a CVD risk reduction program. The factors caused by having cafeteria in the workplace can be reduced by improvement in the CVD-related risk environment, therefore an organizational-level intervention approach should be available to reduce CVD risk of workers in small sized companies in Korea.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Health Behavior , Health Status , Lipids/blood , Regression Analysis , Republic of Korea , Risk Factors , Self Report , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , WorkplaceABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experience of Highly active Antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence in Korean patients with HIV. METHODS: A phenomenological methodology was used for the study. Data were collected from March to December, 2013 using open-ended questions during in-depth interviews. Participants were taking HAART for HIV, and were contacted through purposive techniques. RESULTS: Four men and 4 women whose average treatment period was 5.9 years participated in this study. Seven themes emerged from the analysis using Colazzi's method: (a) Seizing life in a deep sense of despair, (b) Struggling with medication, (c) Facing harsh treatment from health care providers, (d) Spoiling healthy pattern, (e) Hungering for communication and emotional support, (f) Turning to accepting HIV, (g) Becoming adherent to HIV treatment. CONCLUSION: Prejudice from health care providers and lack of emotional support were barriers to HAART in Korea. Intervention strategies are needed to decrease prejudices from health care providers and to increase family support.